Thursday 8 November 2012

Discussing "How contrasting musical genres use media language to appeal to their target audience through music videos"


How contrasting musical genres use media language to appeal to their target audiences through music videos

Here I will be discussing the two contrasting musical genres, Pop and Rock.

Pop (even though it refers to “popular music”) in today’s world, usually sticks to music of a particular style. Pop plays heavily on the emphasis of the actual artist, which is shown in a variety of ways in music videos. Take for example the popular music video “As Long As You Love Me ft. Big Sean” by Justin Bieber. In terms of camera, they shots and angles for the majority of the video revolve very much around him, because as mentioned, pop puts particular emphasis on the artist, which is most likely because they are seen as desirable for a number of reasons, which is a base for pop music; an artist that you want to actually see as well as hear. Reasons for wanting to see the artist can range from the fact they are physically attractive, for example Justin Bieber, or the fact they have unique style, for example ‘Lady Gaga’, to many other reasons. The editing also helps compliment the artist, since the cuts in the video mostly just carry the focus on them from one shot at one particular angle to the next, again adhering to the genre of pop music, since there is such emphasis on the artist as a selling point for the music. In terms of sound Pop music videos more than often feature lyrics, and when they do music videos often synchronise the lyrics with the artist, which again make sure they have significance to the music video, such as in Justin Bieber’s music video where most of the lyrics are accompanied by visuals of Justin seemingly singing them. Finally, in terms of Mise-en-scene within Pop music videos, that which is within the frame can denote to anything, be it costume, makeup, prop, or anything else that can be viewed by the audience. This aspect of music videos can really help set up distinct styles to certain artists (since the focus is usually on them within the scene), an example is ‘Lady Gaga’, who through costume, makeup and props has given herself a very unique image, and one that works very well with the target audience, since they are always wondering what she will come up with next for her music videos. The target audience for Pop ranges vastly and is very dependent on the artist. For example, I would say Justin Bieber’s music is mostly aimed at a female audience around the ages of 12 – 18, whereas ‘Lady Gaga’ I would say aims at a male and female audience anywhere between the ages of 13 – 21+.

Rock music videos differ greatly to Pop music videos, this is because with Rock music, bands really enjoy playing the music that they create through their instruments, and as a result, if they do choose to create a music video the focus is usually on the music. Take “Through The Fire And Flames” by ‘Dragonforce’ for example; the camera shots and angles within the video are mostly centred around the instruments the band members are playing, and the level of skill at which they play. The editing helps enhance this, by adding a picture within picture effect within the music video, showing various parts of the song being played, and the speed at which the hands of the band member can coordinate the strings of their guitars. The sound within the music video is seemingly synchronous with the band actually playing their instruments, and in the case of lyrics this is the same; synchronous, again promoting the importance of the music over their personal image. Mise-en-scene usually always shows a casual demeanour in terms of those who play Rock music, because as stressed, the focus is the music. These people seem to not care what they look like as the focus isn’t on them, and honestly I would say they probably spend more time sprucing up their instruments for the music video than they do themselves. I think it is because of Rock’s emphasis on the importance of the instruments creating the song that band members don’t use themselves as promotion material. Rock fans appreciate a bend for their level of skill with an instrument, whereas Pop artists are appreciated for looks on a much larger scale.

Rock and Pop therefore, as you can see by these two paragraphs, are very varying genres. With Rock placing a much larger focus on skill in terms of the creation of music and promotion of the artists through their music, and Pop largely basing around looks and therefore the artist themselves, physically, as an icon for their music.


"Through The Fire And Flames" Music Video ('Dragonforce')

Sunday 4 November 2012

BLOG POST TO THE PEOPLE NUMBER 1 :D

Hey everyone!!! :D

Just figured I would update my blog with what's going on every so often :)

SO!

Right now in my life it's just reaching the end of half term, and to be completely honest I feel like I haven't actually had a break. I think it's kinda funny how I've been doing more work during my time off than I actually have to do at Saint Eds haha!. On another note, the fact at some points i did manage to get five minutes to myself (and I really do mean five minutes 0_o) has really made me think about my life right now, again, funny how the five minutes I've had to relax has actually made me more worried haha! But anyway besides the looming January exams (WHICH SCARE ME HALF TO DEATH!!!) everything in my life seems pretty chill :) I hope everyone else out there is having a pretty chilled out time (even though I know you're probably buried in work like me...) and I hope to post to you all again soon.

Until then, remember, no matter how hard life gets the solution is always GANGNAM STYLE!!!!!

OPPA GANGNAM STYLE!!!!!

Essay on "The online age has made media more democratic"


“The online age has made media more democratic”

First of all, I agree with this statement, and I will discuss why. I will also discuss the Gramsci’s theory of Hegemony and give an opposite opinion to that of my own.

Democracy is the idea that everyone has an equal say in something, whether it be who will be the next president, who wins the ‘X Factor’, or simply who should be elected as the head of house at a school. It draws its roots from one ideal; equality, and the dream that in an utopian world we all get a fair chance to voice our opinion, every last one of us. Hegemony however can be seen as an opposite of democracy. Although Gramsci’s theory of Hegemony applies to media, the online age is the object being discussed as the way of making media more democratic, so it applies perfectly. Hegemony is the theory that what is broadcast by the media is simply the view of a small controlling group, demonstrating an idea of a small group having a greater say than us (the audience/general public) over what is broadcast, making us seem less powerful, and those within the group more powerful. It creates this idea of “top down communication”; a hegemonic form of communication in which the powerful elites (i.e. media conglomerates) communicate to those without power (i.e. what was the general public/audiences). Traditional media, e.g. television, radio, newspapers, etc. are kinds of “top down communication”. However, the online age has changed everything.

“If you change the way you look at things, the things you look at change”
-          Wayne Dyer

With the online age came Web 2.0, and with Web 2.0 came media democracy. Web 2.0 draws on interactivity and the user as its prime source of power. It encourages involvement through user generated content of every kind i.e. blogs, videos, music, etc. all thanks to the ability to post these things online for the world to see. This gave the audience a say in the content on the web, an example being the number one popular video sharing website ‘YouTube’, since its content is vastly made up by the audience, even though there is a slight presence of large companies on the site. An ability to post videos meant everyone could give their say on anything I wanted, be it food, politics, driving, gaming, the possibilities are endless. But not only had the ability to post videos, simply the ability to comment on a video has given a more democratic feel to media, as everyone’s comments are shared equally for others to see, allowing opinion to be voiced in an even simpler way. In terms of ‘YouTube’ the audience could now affect what people could view, giving birth to the idea of “Bottom Up/Grassroots Communication”. This form of communication means a movement driven by a community, thus grassroots communication is a bottom up form of communication in which the audience become media producers as well as consumers, which is an example of what is mean by the term “prosumer”.

“I think it’s fair to say that personal computers have become the most empowering tool we’ve ever created. They’re tools of communication, they’re tools of creativity, and they can be shaped by their users”
-          Bill Gates

So what are the strengths of the abilities brought about by the online age and Web 2.0? First, it gives us, the audience, more freedom, as before the online age came about the media really did seem like this hegemonic system, where we simply absorbed what one small group deemed worthy of broadcast across multiple platforms. Now we have the chance to be the broadcasters of the world, which draws directly to the idea of “citizen journalists”; that members of the public (the audience) playing an active role in the process of collecting, reporting, analysing and giving opinion on the events going on in the world around us, offering us a different view of world-changing events, or simply subtler everyday goings on in the world.

“Journalism is popular, but it is popular mainly as fiction. Life is one world, and life seen in the newspapers another”
-          Gilbert Keith Chesterton

Second, it brings democracy to those that need it most. Because in giving people the ability to make their voice heard equally, we are giving freedom to those who in physical-space might not be able to express it, but in cyberspace can make themselves heard. This ability has allowed us to find out first-hand about some of the injustices that are going on in the world that countries try to hide, such as the videos put online by the civilians within Bahrain during the riots in 2011, as the government kicked out all media crews while the riots occurred, effectively making the country go dark, except of course for those who felt what was going on should be known, and took to the internet with their first-hand phone and camera footage.

Finally, it changes lives. Simply the ability for someone to start a blog and let the people hear their voice has changed their lives forever. Some have been able to let out years of anger supressed inside, others have finally been able to express the deepest love or hatred for absolutely anything, and whether someone else pays attention or not doesn’t matter, because at least knowing  that that exact person has the exact same capabilities as anyone else is such an incredible freeing feeling, that has improved the lives of so many.

As of February 1st 2012 there are an estimated 450 million “active” English language blogs. If that isn’t proof the people appreciate their new found ability, then I don’t know what is.

But now, the weaknesses brought on by the online age and Web 2.0. In giving everyone an equal say it has also given companies and large corporation a chance to have an equal say, meaning they, just as much as anyone else, can take to sites such as ‘YouTube’ to post videos make themselves known. This leads to, among user-generated-content, videos by companies promoting their latest products and deals, which for the most part seem harmless, but annoy the users, as they are an eyesore on the safe haven from advertising that were once “our” websites (I say our as an audience member myself). Also thanks to the online age it has allowed companies to intrude upon us even when we’re not watching their videos. As thanks to ‘Google’ buying ‘YouTube’ back in 2006, from then on countless videos by the audience have been flooded with advertisements, meaning if we want to watch a video we now are forced to sit through 30-second long advertisements, and have the knowledge that if we want to watch something else we have to endure that process nearly every time, as well as having massive interactive adverts constantly moving in the top right hand corner of the webpage, and sometimes even playing sound.

But in conclusion, there will always be more audience members than companies. Meaning no matter how many company’s videos are uploaded, ours will always drown them thanks to sheer numbers. And we will always persevere when being forced to sit through adverts before watching what we want to watch, and when given the opportunity, will always skip the ads. The online age and web 2.0 have brought far more good than they have bad. Even if companies have been given the ability to invade more of our lives, we persevere in ignoring them where possible, and in all honesty, the power we now have to connect to the world and make ourselves known in an equal and fair manner, is most definitely worth a bit of advertising being shoved in our face. And in relation to the question of whether web 2.0 is “really liberating or empowering ordinary people to take control of the media?” – I believe it is, as to have our own voice and say in the world of media, is democracy in itself, by disproving the theory of hegemony. We are the people, and now we can decide what the world knows.

Saturday 3 November 2012

Essay about 'Myspace' redundancy and 'YouTube' being the prime platform for musical artists to promote themselves, using "Gangnam Style" as an example


“A few years ago new musicians promoted themselves via ‘Myspace’, now ‘Myspace’ is redundant ‘YouTube’ is the prime platform for musical artists to promote themselves and the success of “Gangnam Style” proves this” Agree or disagree?

“Oh God, it's such a big world right now for artists. There are as many possibilities as you can have time for, getting your music out there with the internet, and Youtube”
- Amy Ray


Most importantly, I agree with this statement. The reason why, I will be discussing below, as this essay will talk about why I think ‘YouTube’ is nowadays; “the prime platform for musical artists to promote themselves”, along with why “Gangnam Style” proves it.

‘Myspace’ began in August 2003, as a social networking site, whereby wannabe musical artists could have a chance at promoting themselves or their band by uploading music to their “Myspace page”. Shortly after ‘Myspace’ was sold to Rupert Murdoch (Australian American media mogul and owner of Fox News and 20th Century Fox) in 2005, they launched their own record label named ‘MySpace Records’. ‘MySpace Records’ aimed to discover the unknown talent currently part of ‘Myspace Music’ – a part ‘Myspace’ where profiles differed from ordinary ones, in that it allowed the user to upload mp3’s of their music. Around 2005 ‘Myspace’s popularity picked up rapidly with young adult and teenage social groups, leading to, in January 2006, plans to create a UK version of ‘Myspace’, in order to tap into the UK musical talent pool. Following on from this ‘Myspace’ was also released in China as well as many other countries, in an attempt to open the possibility of discovery to as many musical artists as possible, which of course would invariably benefit the ‘MySpace Records’ record label provided they signed a deal with the promising artists before anyone else. While this popularity seemed it would last, unfortunately it actually had a very short run, as by 2008 the website’s popularity had already began declining, and from this point on the website fell into grave numbers of users, and eventually became as it is today - in comparison to other social networking sites such as ‘Facebook’ and ‘Twitter’; practically a ghost town. But ‘Myspace’ was not without its success stories, as well known artists such as Lily Allen and Sean Kingston gained their fame through the website, proving that in its day ‘Myspace’ was definitely a success in finding undiscovered musical talent. However now the website is practically abandoned, as mentioned earlier, in comparison to other social networking sites e.g. ‘Facebook’ and ‘Twitter’, there aren’t any more artists to discover, as now if an artist wants to be discovered, they promote themselves through ‘YouTube’.

“‘YouTube’ is by far the best-known and most-used online video website . . . Although it only launched in 2005, it quickly came to dominate online video . . . Just four years later, ‘YouTube’ videos account for 40 per cent of all videos viewed online”
-          David Guantlett (‘Making is Connecting’)

‘YouTube’ is the world’s most popular video sharing website with 72 hours of footage uploaded to the site every minute. The website’s traffic is by 800 million unique users every month with 4 billion hours a video being viewed. With number like this it is no wonder why so many artists try to promote themselves using the site, because if a video “trends” then it is shared, and if it is shared, thanks to other social networking sites such as ‘Facebook’ and ‘Twitter’, it has the ability to instantly make someone or something a complete hit, or the laughing stock of the world wide web.

“Twitter is not just a Web site and not microblogging, it is an entirely different medium … The way in which information travels on Twitter — the shape of it — is different to anything that we’ve previously known.”
-          Paul Lewis, Guardian reporter

This, as said, is the reason why artists will promote themselves via ‘YouTube’; because if they become what’s trending, then there is little to no doubt that a recruiter from some record label or another won’t see what everyone is talking about, and you can bet that if the amount of people that talked about ‘Psy’ (the creator of ‘Gangnam Style’) talk about someone else that the record labels will snatch them up as soon as possible. Which brings us to the popular internet video ‘Gangnam Style’ and why I believe that it does in fact prove ‘YouTube’ as the prime platform nowadays for artists to promote themselves.

“A week ago I was saying, "Hey. I'm going to promote myself". Because my music video is much more popular than I am, I don't like the situation. But in the last week, especially since Ellen and the Today Show, when I am walking down the street some people recognize me, finally. So me and Scooter are thinking, should we prepare for the next single, or something? We are beginning to make that kind of conversation about my next step”
-          ‘Psy’ (artist behind ‘Gangnam Style’)

As of today, the 3rd of November 2012, the ‘YouTube’ video ‘Gangnam Style’ has been viewed over 630 million times. ‘Psy’ is a Korean musical artist, and since his song ‘Gangnam Style’ trended across the world he, and his unique dance, have become internationally recognised by almost any country with an internet connection. He has appeared on multiple talk shows including the ‘The Today Show’ on ‘NBC’ in New York, ‘The View’ and ‘The Ellen DeGeneres Show’. He has personally taught the signature dance to Britney Spears, as well as performing it alongside Melanie Brown, otherwise known as ‘Mel B’ from popular female pop group the ‘Spice Girls’, live on the Australian ‘X Factor’. ‘Psy’s music and popularity has even drawn attention to him outside the music world, as according to ‘The Dong-a llbo’, a Korean newspaper, ‘Psy’ was appointed as a goodwill ambassador of ‘UNICEF’ (United Nation Children’s Fund). U.N. secretary general, Ban Ki-moon, also scheduled an appointment with ‘Psy’ due to the belief that music has the ability to overcome great tolerance. Ban Ki-moon expressed his desire to work with ‘Psy’ saying his music has an “unlimited global reach”. But that isn’t all, ‘Psy’ was also awarded, by South Korea’s Ministry of Culture, Sport and Tourism, the “Okgwan Order”; a fourth grade order of cultural merit. If this hasn’t conviced you yet then here’s something else that’s astounding. I have witnessed countless videos of illegal “flash mobs” breaking out in the ‘Gangnam Style’ dance in multiple countries, including England, America, Japan, Germany and more. Not only by flash mobs but some of the most average and extraordinary groups ever seen, ranging from one woman playing the music video in an ‘Apple’ store where the employees ended up joining in simply because they love the song and dance, to the inmates of the ‘CPDRC’ (Cebu Provincial Detention and Rehabilitation Centre) in the Philippines.

‘Psy’ is just one man with an amazingly catchy song and dance, but the platform of ‘YouTube’ has ended up creating all the amazing things you see mentioned previously. It has connected the world in a way unlike any other. Song and dance has always been a cultural icon, but never so much one specific song and dance before. ‘Gangnam Style’ has revolutionised today’s culture all thanks to the platform that is ‘YouTube’, and this is why, using ‘Psy’ and ‘Gangnam Style’ as an example, I believe ‘YouTube’ is the prime platform for musical artists to promote themselves nowdays.














Link to "Gangnam Style" music video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9bZkp7q19f0

('YouTube' statistics taken from official 'YouTube' website)

Friday 2 November 2012

Answering the question "How did the music video originate and what is its contemporary purpose?"


Some information seen below is information that can also be seen in my flowchart describing how music videos came about, since the information is the same.


How did the music video originate and what is its contemporary purpose?

The first music video is argued to be “Bohemian Rhapsody” by ‘Queen’, and while this may be true this was not the origin of music video. As before the creation of an actual music video similar productions involving sound and moving picture to accommodate it were used.

In 1894 Edward B. Marks and Joe Stem hired George Thomas and various other performers to promote sales of their song “The Little Lost Child” by using a ‘Magic Lantern’, an early type of image projector developed in the 17th century, to project a series of still images to accompany live performances of their song. This became a popular form of entertainment known as ‘Illustrated Song’, showing even before actual music videos were born per se, that images were used to accompany music.

From this point on sound, including dialogue, was used to accompany film and live performances. Examples include the ‘phonoscène’, which combined chronophone sound with a chronograph film, show with actors lip-synching to the sound recording, and carrying on from this the official “Talkies” – sound films incorporating synchronised dialogue. Early 1930’s cartoons featuring musicians performing on-camera in live action segments, and in France during the late 1950’s, the invention of the ‘Scopitone’ – a visual jukebox leading to short films being produced to accompany songs (the idea spread to other countries, with similar machines being presented, such as the ‘Color-Sonic’ in the US, and the ‘Cinebox’ in Italy).

Only a few years later, in 1965, popular British band ‘The Beatles’ began creating promotional clips called “filmed inserts”. The purpose of these was so that the group could promote their record releases without having to make actual in-person appearances, allowing their new records to be known and promote the band itself. Soon after this promotional clips became much more important, and were created by well-known artists such as ‘The Rolling Stones’ and ‘The Who’.

Ten years on, and what is considered by many to be the first music video, was born. On the 31st of October 1975, poplar band ‘Queen’ released a promotional video for their song ‘Bohemian Rhapsody’. This music video was created in order to promote the band and the song, much like how promotional clips did, only this was a full length video. It's argued that this is what started the entire music video genre, and so this is how music videos originated. But what is their contemporary purpose?
Just as was the focus of the first promotional clip – created by ‘Queen’, it is to promote the song and to promote the artist, often through sex appeal or unique image, take for example Cheryl Cole or Lady Gaga.

Television helped cater to this way of artists further promoting themselves, with the creation of ‘MTV’. ‘MTV’ stands for Music Television, and unlike today where most of what it does is try to get us, the audience, to watch TV-trash such as “16 and Pregnant”, it’s primary focus used to be showing music videos in order to help further promote artists and their music, and with an entire channel originally dedicated to showing music videos constantly, this wasn't hard to do.

Even with ‘MTV’ showing music videos less and less nowadays, it didn't stop other TV channels eventually showing music videos, as now more than ever are there channels dedicated to only playing music videos 24/7 an nothing else, providing constant air time for artists. Although still, the most popular music video platform isn't the television, it's the Internet.

Popular video site ‘YouTube’ plays host to thousands of music videos from multiple huge record labels, such as ‘Warner Music Group’ and ‘Sony BMG Music Entertainment’, as well as music videos from thousands of unknown artists hoping to get recognised for their talent and signed with record labels, such as the case of Justin Bieber. It allows anyone with an Internet connection to view any music video that is uploaded whenever they want, and allows people to share those videos with people, thus creating even more attention around them. Originally popular site ‘MySpace’ was home to artists hoping to get known and promote their music, although now it seems everything music related is uploaded straight to ‘YouTube’, since it offers such ease when finding the exact song or music video someone wants to see at that exact time. It is this that has fuelled the purpose of contemporary music videos; to promote the artist and song, thus increasing awareness and most likely generating profit for the record label.

So as said previously, contemporary music videos’ purpose is to promote the artist and the song, which in contemporary society, thanks to Web 2.0, is easier than ever.



















The four images displayed above are a magic lantern (top left), a still from the "Bohemian Rhapsody" music video (top right), the 'MTV' logo (bottom left) and the 'YouTube' logo (bottom right).